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Lowensteyn
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Y-DNA
PETER
LOWENSTEYN - HAPLOGROUP R1b1a1a2a1a1c2b1b4b
[ISOGG],
or CTS3777
[FTDNA]
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My Y chromosome results identify me
as a member of haplogroup R1b1a1a2a1a1c2b1b4b S6915,
CTS10050/M10145, PH4355
(ISOGG)
CTS3777
(FTDNA)
See the ISOGG Wiki page on the
Genographic Project at: http://www.isogg.org/wiki/Genographic_Project
Position
on YSOGG Tree (Click
on image for enlargement)
Earliest known Y-DNA ancestor is
Johann Koenrad Löwenstein
Birth: ±1700 -- Darmstadt, Germany
Death: 21 October 1783 -- Deventer,
The Netherlands
Religion: Evangelisch Lutherisch
Darmstadt: 49.8710°N, 8.6490°E
Since the early 1700's all members
of the Lowensteyn / Lowensteijn family
have lived in The Netherlands,
although a few have emigrated to
Canada and New Zealand during the
later part of the previous century and
even more recently.
Darmstadt is situated in the southern
part of Hesse, which is in
western-central Germany. It contains a
cluster around Frankfurt of U106/L48
and this may fit with the idea that
this group migrated via the Danube and
up the Rhine.
This subclade is defined by the
presence of the marker L48/S162/ and
is also known as R1b1b2a1a4 (by Family
Tree DNA - FTDNA). It is the largest
subclade of R1b1b2a1a1.
The Dutch Y-chromosomal landscape
YHGs were manually assigned to all
2085 samples of the Dutch dataset. In
total, 32 different YHGs were
observed. YHGs I (28%) and R (62%) are
by far the most common. Within YHG R,
subgroups R1b-L48 (15%), R1b-M405
(14%), and R1b-S116 (9%) are the three
most common ones (Table 1,
Fig. 3). The combined dataset
also mainly contains YHGs I (26%) and
R (63%
In: The Dutch Y-chromosomal
landscape
Eveline Altena, Risha Smeding,
Kristiaan J. van der Gaag, Maarten H.
D. Larmuseau, Ronny Decorte, Oscar
Lao, Manfred Kayser, Thirsa
Kraaijenbrink & Peter de Knijff
European Journal of Human Genetics
volume 28, pages 287–299 (2020)
R1b1b2a1a1d has a subclade
R1b1a2a1a1a4a* and Z159+(FTDNA) R1b1a2a1a1c2b1b
[ISOGG],
defined by the markers L47/S170 and
Z159+. For more information on R1b1a2a1a1c2b1b
see Wikipedia
AGES
L48 = ~ 2800 -2350 BC
L47 = about 2300 BC
S3251 = about 1300 BC
Family Tree DNA
As the research and the debates
continue, the age and origins of R1b1a2a1a1c2b1b
change all the time.
It was thought that R1b-U106 arose in
central Europe, perhaps around
Austria, and migrated to northern
Europe, especially up the Rhine River,
which ends in the Netherlands, not too
far from Frisia. Or perhaps more
likely, R1b-U106 arose in Northern
Germany/Denmark and moved throughout
western Europe, including the British
Isles.
A problem with these theories is that
they look at modern populations, not
the populations of Europe about 4,000
years ago, when R1b-U106 is likely to
have been "born."
There is also the problem that what we
do know about R1b-U106 and its
distribution in the present population
of Europe is the result of a
self-selection process in the testing.
Most of the tests are from Americans
and most Americans are descended from
British Isles ancestors and perhaps
secondarily from German ancestors.
What would we know about the
distribution of R1b-U106 in modern
European locations if more people with
eastern European, French, Spanish and
Italian ancestry were tested? Recent
testing in the Netherlands and
Flanders seems to support a northern
European origin of R1b-U106.
A study entitled "Phylogeography
of human Y chromosome haplogroup
R1b1b2 (R-M269) in Europe" was
released at a recent European
population genetics conference. This
study tested over 2,000 European men
for both U106 and U152, two of the
major subclades of R1b1b2 in Europe.
Here are two quotes from this study's
abstract: "The paragroup
R1b1b2*(xR1b1b2g, R1b1b2h) and the
haplogroups R1b1b2g and R1b1b2h showed
quite different frequency distribution
patterns within Europe, with frequency
peaks in the Iberian Peninsula,
northern Europe and northern
Italy/France, respectively." It also
found that the "overall frequency
pattern of R1b1b2 haplogroup is
suggestive of multiple events of
migration and expansion within Europe
rather than a single and uniform
spread of people from an Iberian
Ice-age refugium." R1b1b2g is the old
name for R1b1b2a1a, defined by U106,
and R1b1b2h is the old name for
R1b1b2a1b4, defined by U152.
However, this study will still
not solve the problem of
extrapolating from modern
populations to the original R1b-U106
population 3-4,000 years ago, which
by the way was before there were
such things as "Germanic tribes,"
such as the Saxons or Frisians.
(Mike Maddi)
Culture is generally
inherited from father to son, a long
list of factors can, over time, change
the culture of a particular line. Such
changes are more likely to happen
during great uphea- vals, such as when
one culture invades another or when a
successful population expands and
supplants the culture of another
region.
The result of this is that a
particular haplogroup may be mostly of
one culture, but a sub-clade may be
mostly part of another. Even over the
course of recorded history, it's
difficult to find a haplogroup that
can uniquely be defined as existing in
a particular place, or belonging to a
particular culture. For example, in my
clade of S6915 there are lines which
are German, Danish, British and Dutch.
The spread of that clade alone means
that its genes can end up in multiple
cultures over timescales of centuries.
“As far as history is concerned,
the link between a haplogroup
founder and a clade is but a moment
in time. It's vital to look only at
cultures which are contemporary to
the time of that haplogroup’s
formation. Ideas such as U106 being
"Germanic"; and P312 being "Celtic",
or whatever modern equivalent you
want to draw, are dead. Instead, we
have to look at the migrations of
each individual lineage.” (Iain
McDonald)
Interesting
R migration theory map by Charles
Moore
The map below represents
recent results from the R1b-U106
Project from FamilyTreeDNA. As
Americans make up the majority of
participants, a UK (especially
England) bias exists in the numbers,
and Denmark & Austria should have
higher numbers, but the overall flow
is rather spot on. As our sub-clade,
L48 makes up roughly 1/2 of all U106,
you can essentially divide the numbers
by 2. The top locations are
consistently shown to be the
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg,
northern Germany & the Rhineland,
England & the Scottish Lowlands,
and Denmark.

Click
on map for enlargement
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FTDNA
DYS markers

(click on image
for values)
R-U106
Haplo Tree
(click
on image for enlargement)

Thomas Krahn, who runs
one of the DNA testing labs for
FT-DNA has created a couple of
online sites which lists the numbers
tested for each SNP and the numbers
tested positive. For L48 & its
subclades you can see a part of one
of his sites at:
http://ytree.ftdna.com/index.php?name=Draft&parent=17062899
See also:
It is important to
realize that one receives one's
Y-DNA from the father, who got it
from his father, who got it from
his father, and so on. Since
mothers do not have Y-chromosomes
to pass down in any generation,
testing the Y-DNA only traces the
paternal line, but no other. This
means that any ancestry from the
mother's side, father's mother's
side, grandfather's mother's side,
and so on, is not represented in
the Y-DNA. As a result, tracing
this line can only lead to one
origin, and doesn't
provide any breakdown of various
ethnic origins that
may have come from other
ancestors.

Benelux
map of R1b-S21
Click on map for enlargement

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I have been stuck in
S6915 for a long time
and there aren’t many
matches, a few from
England, there is a
Dane, someone dug up a
grave in Iceland and
found a S6915 while in
Slovakia a Vandal or
Visigoth chieftain from
around 500 AD was also
S6915. Altogether a very
meager sample. All it
shows is that S6915 got
around.
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The
American Society of Human
Genetics Releases Statement
on Genetic Ancestry Testing at
58th Annual Meeting ASHG Statement
Provides Framework for
Understanding the Issues and
Implications, Includes
Recommendations Regarding Ancestry
Assessment.
The
American Society of Human
Genetics Ancestry Testing
Statement November 13, 2008
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mt-DNA
PETER
LOWENSTEYN
(1935) -
HAPLOGROUP T2b
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FTDNA mtDNA(HVR1),
mtDNAPlus(HVR2) and Geno 2.0
results indicate Haplogroup
T2b
My earliest mtDNA known
ancestor is Enneken
Geelink
Baptism: 11 October 1658 --
Winterswijk, The Netherlands
Death: 13 December 1746 --
Corle, ?(Winterswijk)?, The
Netherlands
Winterswijk: 51.9670°N -
6.7170°E
51° 58' 0" N - 6° 43' 0" E
GEN0
2.0 PROJECT
BRANCH: T2B
AGE: 8,400 ± 3,150 YEARS
AGO
LOCATION OF ORIGIN: WEST
ASIA
Born at the beginning of
the Neolithic Revolution,
this lineage likely
originated in West Asia.
Today, it is present at the
highest frequencies in
Croatia (12 percent),
Tunisia (9 percent), and
Greece (5 percent). In Iran,
it is about 4 percent of
maternal lineages, and it is
about 3 percent of maternal
lineages in Armenia. It is
also part of some Jewish
Diaspora population groups.
It is about 7 percent of the
population in Bulgaria.
Elsewhere in Europe, this
line is around 6 percent of
the population in Germany
and around 5 percent of the
population in the British
Isles, France, and the
Netherlands.
T2b is widespread in
Eurasia. It originated in
the Middle East during the
Neolithic, around 10,000
years ago, it was during the
spread of agriculture during
the Neolithic that this
lineage became much more
widespread. Today it is
found at highest frequencies
in parts eastern and Central
Europe, and has a spotty
distribution in Central Asia
that is probably the result
of the subsequent spread of
East Asian lineages
throughout the region by the
Turks and Mongols, swamping
out the older Neolithic
patterns.
Sense About Genetic
Ancestry Testing
What can we know about your
personal ancestors by
looking at your DNA?
Not much. Genetic ancestry
tests use some techniques
that have been developed by
researchers for studying
differences in DNA across
many groups of people. The
things we know about genetic
ancestry, almost without
exception, are about the
genetic history of whole
populations.
MORE
(pdf)
See also
For
larger map, click on map
A =
Winterswijk
B =
Darmstadt
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The Genographic
Project states
that early people with
Haplogroup T were likely
some of the first organized
agriculturalists and
pastoralists, and that they
probably comprised the group
which first brought settled
agriculture and pastoralism
on to the European
continent, bringing the
"Neolithic Revolution" to
Europe; they write:
"Although the haplogroup was
present during the early and
middle Upper Paleolithic,
[Haplogroup] T is generally
considered one of the main
genetic signatures of the
Neolithic expansions. While
groups of hunter-gatherers
and subsistence fishermen
had been occupying much of
Eurasia for tens of
thousands of years, around
ten thousand years ago a
group of modern humans
living in the Fertile
Crescent-present day eastern
Turkey and northern
Syria-began domesticating
the plants, nuts, and seeds
they had been collecting.
What resulted were the
world's first
agriculturalists, and this
new cultural era is
typically referred to as the
Neolithic. Groups of
individuals able to support
larger populations with this
reliable food source began
migrating out of the Middle
East, bringing their new
technology with them. By
then, humans had already
settled much of the
surrounding areas, but this
new agricultural technology
proved too successful to
ignore, and the surrounding
groups quickly copied these
new immigrants."
DNA data indicate that while
these new agriculturalists
were incredibly successful
at planting their technology
in the surrounding groups,
they were far less
successful at planting their
mtDNA seed. Agriculture was
quickly and widely adopted,
but the mtDNA lineages
carried by these Neolithic
expansions are found at
frequencies seldom greater
than 20 percent in Europe,
the Middle East, and Central
Asia. This is in sharp
contrast to their YDNA
lineages R1a and R1b which
dominate Europe. An
interesting explanation on
why R1b could have replaced
most of the older lineages
in Western Europe can be
found HERE
.
But also:
The peopling of Europe
and the cautionary tale of
Y chromosome lineage
R-M269, George B. J.
Busby et al
Abstract
Recently, the debate on the
origins of the major
European Y chromosome
haplogroup R1b1b2-M269 has
reignited, and opinion has
moved away from Palaeolithic
origins to the notion of a
younger Neolithic spread of
these chromosomes from the
Near East. Here, we address
this debate by investigating
frequency patterns and
diversity in the largest
collection of R1b1b2-M269
chromosomes yet assembled.
Our analysis reveals no
geographical trends in
diversity, in contradiction
to expectation under the
Neolithic hypothesis, and
suggests an alternative
explanation for the apparent
cline in diversity recently
described. We further
investigate the young,
STR-based time to the most
recent common ancestor
estimates proposed so far
for R-M269-related lineages
and find evidence for an
appreciable effect of
microsatellite choice on age
estimates. As a consequence,
the existing data and tools
are insufficient to make
credible estimates for the
age of this haplogroup, and
conclusions about the timing
of its origin and dispersal
should be viewed with a
large degree of caution.
See also:
NATURE
COMMUNICATIONS | ARTICLE
http://www.nature.com/ncomms/
2015/150519/ncomms8152/full/ncomms8152.html
Large-scale recent
expansion of European
patrilineages shown by
population resequencing
Chiara Batini, Pille
Hallast, Daniel Zadik,
Pierpaolo Maisano Delser,
Andrea Benazzo, Silvia
Ghirotto, Eduardo
Arroyo-Pardo, Gianpiero L.
Cavalleri, Peter de Knijff,
Berit Myhre Dupuy, Heidi A.
Eriksen, Turi E. King,
Adolfo López de Munain, Ana
M. López-Parra, Aphrodite
Loutradis, Jelena Milasin,
Andrea Novelletto, Horolma
Pamjav, Antti Sajantila,
Aslhan Tolun et al.
Abstract
The proportion of Europeans
descending from Neolithic
farmers ~10 thousand years
ago (KYA) or Palaeolithic
hunter-gatherers has been
much debated. The
male-specific region of the
Y chromosome (MSY) has been
widely applied to this
question, but unbiased
estimates of diversity and
time depth have been
lacking. Here we show that
European patrilineages
underwent a recent
continent-wide expansion.
Resequencing of 3.7?Mb of
MSY DNA in 334 males,
comprising 17 European and
Middle Eastern populations,
defines a phylogeny
containing 5,996
single-nucleotide
polymorphisms. Dating
indicates that three major
lineages (I1, R1a and R1b),
accounting for 64% of our
sample, have very recent
coalescent times, ranging
between 3.5 and 7.3 KYA. A
continuous swathe of 13/17
populations share similar
histories featuring a
demographic expansion
starting ~2.1?4.2 KYA. Our
results are compatible with
ancient MSY DNA data, and
contrast with data on
mitochondrial DNA,
indicating a widespread
male-specific phenomenon
that focuses interest on the
social structure of Bronze
Age Europe.
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